The First Four Books of Xenophon's Anabasis

"The First Four Books of Xenophon's Anabasis" by Xenophon is a historical account likely written in the 4th century BC. The work narrates the expedition of Cyrus the Younger, focusing on his attempts to overthrow his brother Artaxerxes II and seize the Persian throne. The text highlights themes of ambition, warfare, and leadership, featuring Cyrus and his Greek mercenaries as central figures in a harrowing military campaign. The opening of "Anabasis" introduces Cyrus the Younger, detailing his tumultuous rise after the death of his father, Darius II. Accused of conspiracy by his brother Artaxerxes, Cyrus narrowly escapes death through his mother's intervention. Seething with ambition, he collects forces secretly, primarily comprising Greek mercenaries, under the guise of conflict with Tissaphernes. As he begins his march towards his brother's seat of power, the text sets the stage for a complex interplay of politics, loyalty, and military strategy in the unfolding narrative. (This is an automatically generated summary.)

Xenophon of Athens was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior". Xenophon established precedents for many logistical operations and was among the first to describe strategic flanking maneuvers and feints in combat.