Lessons in chalk modeling: The new method of map drawing

"Lessons in Chalk Modeling: The New Method of Map Drawing" by Ida Cassa Heffron is an educational guide from the 1800s that introduces a hands-on approach to geography, called "Chalk Modeling." It encourages teachers to move away from simply memorizing facts by getting students to build maps that show the shapes such as surfaces of elevation and depressions. Heffron starts by pointing out issues with how geography was traditionally taught, which often relied on memorization, and argues that learning outside and creating models helps students truly grasp geography. The book promotes modeling maps as a way to improve students' geographical knowledge and boost their artistic skills, getting them ready for further learning in geography and history, and highlighting the essential link between understanding the Earth and understanding cultures.