Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910 The Bergen Hill Tunnels. Paper No. 1154

"Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910" by F. Lavis is a scientific document that explores the building of the Bergen Hill Tunnels, a key part of the Pennsylvania Railroad's New York Tunnel Extension. This publication digs into the period's civil engineering practices, documenting the project's start, builders, and background, highlighting the construction problems and geological surveys. It summarizes the tunnel design, focusing on measurements and safety procedures. There are detailed descriptions of geological structures, digging strategies, and the machines used to build these tunnels, providing a complete picture of the time's engineering techniques.