Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910 The New York Tunnel Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The East River Division. Paper No. 1152

"Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910" by Alfred Noble details a monumental early 20th-century engineering endeavor: the New York Tunnel Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad, specifically its East River Division. The writing describes the civil engineering tasks and strategies employed in building the tunnel. It showcases how engineers dealt with geological obstacles by employing the use of borings in order to determine the tunnel's subsurface. The writing specifies how the engineers managed problems such as quicksand and gravel using techniques such as the shield method, talking about the shafts, planning, safety measures, and engineers that helped create this civil engineering project.