Pope Adrian IV: An Historical Sketch

"Pope Adrian IV: An Historical Sketch" by Richard Raby is a historical study of Adrian IV, tracing his journey from humble beginnings to becoming the sole English pope. The story explains key events, shedding light on the obstacles Adrian faced and the differences between his actions and popular views. Starting with Nicholas Breakspere's impoverished youth and his path to monastic education, it follows his rise to the papacy, where he struggled with European leaders and internal conflicts within the Church in Rome. The book emphasizes Adrian's important part in both church and state affairs, noting his diplomatic efforts in Norway and Sweden, and setting the stage for the political and social scene of the 12th century. The author also draws comparisons between Adrian's challenges and those of other popes of his time, placing his actions in a broader historical context.