Benedictus de Spinoza
Baruch (de) Spinoza, also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin. A forerunner of the Age of Enlightenment, Spinoza significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century rationalism, and Dutch intellectual culture, establishing himself as one of the most important and radical philosophers of the early modern period. Influenced by Stoicism, Thomas Hobbes, René Descartes, Ibn Tufayl, and heterodox Christians, Spinoza was a leading philosopher of the Dutch Golden Age.
Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 2
“The Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 2” by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical work that examines the relationship between religion and poli...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics — Part 3
"Ethics — Part 3" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written in the 17th century, exploring foundational concepts of morality, human...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics — Part 4
"Ethics — Part 4" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written during the 17th century. This work delves into the nature of human emot...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics — Part 2
"Ethics — Part 2" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written during the 17th century that delves into metaphysical inquiries regardi...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 1
"The Theologico-Political Treatise — Part 1" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written in the 17th century, engaging with issues su...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics — Part 5
"Ethics — Part 5" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written in the 17th century, part of his larger work, "Ethica Ordine Geometrico...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics — Part 1
"Ethics — Part 1 by Benedictus de Spinoza" is a philosophical treatise written in the 17th century, specifically during the early modern period. The b...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
On the Improvement of the Understanding
"On the Improvement of the Understanding" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise likely written in the 17th century during the early mod...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
The Philosophy of Spinoza
"The Philosophy of Spinoza" edited by Joseph Ratner is a philosophical text written in the early 20th century. The work is a compilation and reinterpr...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
Ethics
"Ethics" by Benedictus de Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written in the mid-17th century. The work systematically examines the nature of reality,...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
A Theological-Political Treatise [Part IV]
"A Theologico-Political Treatise [Part IV]" by Baruch Spinoza is a philosophical treatise written in the late 17th century. This part of the work exam...
By Benedictus de Spinoza
A Theological-Political Treatise [Part III]
"A Theological-Political Treatise [Part III] by Benedictus de Spinoza" is a philosophical treatise written in the 17th century, specifically during th...
By Benedictus de Spinoza