U.S. Patent 4,293,314: Gelled Fuel-Air Explosive October 6, 1981.

"U.S. Patent 4,293,314: Gelled Fuel-Air Explosive" by Bertram O. Stull is a technical paper describing a safer approach to fuel-air explosives by using 1,2-butylene oxide instead of more dangerous chemicals. The author explains how this substance makes the explosives easier and safer to manage because it doesn't evaporate as quickly and is less poisonous. The document points out that whether the 1,2-butylene oxide is a liquid or a gel, the safety of explosive devices is improved, especially when the liquid is turned into a gel with a chemical such as silicon dioxide, making it easier to scatter the material for explosions and enhancing device safety. Overall, this patent presents a way to make fuel-air explosives less risky to store and use.