The Works of the Emperor Julian, Vol. 2

"The Works of the Emperor Julian, Vol. 2" by Emperor of Rome Julian is a compilation of speeches and written correspondence originating in the 300s AD, featuring pieces like Oration VI, where Julian assesses the Cynics of his time and champions the philosophical foundations of thinkers such as Diogenes. Beyond presenting Julian's philosophical stances, the text documents the era's conflicts involving evolving cultural and religious landscapes; in one of his first arguments, Julian focuses his disapproval upon a modern Cynic for denouncing Diogenes, the celebrated philosopher who famously embraced a life of simplicity. He brings attention to the deceit of the New Cynics, who mimic the external traits of their forerunners, like rough clothing and unkempt hair, yet fail to embody the authentic self-control and principles that defined early Cynicism. Julian stresses the necessity to revive sincere philosophical exploration and introspection, revealing his ambition to correct the misinterpretations of philosophical beliefs prevalent then.