The Commission in Lunacy

"The Commission in Lunacy" by Honoré de Balzac is a story set in 19th century Paris, following the case of Madame d'Espard, who wants her husband declared insane so she can manage his wealth for their children. Judge M. Jean-Jules Popinot and physician Horace Bianchon get pulled into the complicated world of the d'Espard family. The story begins by showing the views of Bianchon and Rastignac on love and ambition. While Rastignac is charmed by Madame d’Espard, Bianchon doesn't trust her. The story then focuses on M. Popinot, a humble judge given the task of handling the commission. He visits Madame d'Espard's grand home, a sharp contrast to his own poor living situation, immediately highlighting the story's themes of social class, expectations, and the ethical problems that come up as Popinot tries to figure out the truth about the case.